The generation without answers: they work and study, but the dream of independence and rent is almost a utopia
They got tired of looking classified online, traveling real estate and accounts.And they came to the sad conclusion that the numbers do not close. Tienen entre 25 y 35 años, trabajos estables en blanco y deseos de independizarse pero se chocan con la realidad: ser joven y alquilar es para ellos un objetivo lejano, casi imposible.
"Between a rock and a hard place"."Without future"."Demotivated". Con esas frases, varios jóvenes consultados por Infobae describieron sus sensaciones luego de meses de búsqueda de un espacio para vivir. En la Argentina, el 36% de las personas de entre 25 y 35 años viven con sus padres o abuelos, según estimó el economista Federico González Rouco en base a datos oficiales (como las encuestas EPH de Indec y ETOI del Gobierno porteño).“It is not very different from the international number, but it is still a problem.They are people who cannot start their independent life.The rent is, in general, the first step.And the increase in prices of the last year explains much of the emancipation problem that young adults have today, ”he said.
Agustina Massaro, de 24 años, está muy cerca de terminar la carrera de Comercio Exterior y tiene un “buen trabajo”, esa categoría que incluye empleo fulltime, en blanco y un salario promedio.He lives with his parents in Adrogué and already made many accounts about how much it would cost him to move.“I am looking for a two -room apartment in the southern zone, Banfield or Lomas de Zamora, and they ask me for $ 30.000 to which I have to add commission, guarantee, deposits and advance and a tremendous investment in appliances and furniture.Then come the services and food and my salary in a few days evaporates.I find myself between the sword and the wall, is it worth making such an effort? ”He wondered.
“Although I am well positioned, if I made the decision I would need the help of my parents and then adjust to another level, without exits, without being able to buy anything extra.The project would be more viable if the rent were shared.From my group, those who managed to move did with friends or couples. Es desmotivador y triste. Te quita las ganas de proyectar”, aseguró.
There are also those who managed to take the big step and now they are increasingly difficult to sustain their independent life. Matías Cejas tiene 26 años y vive con su novia Camila en la ciudad santafecina de Funes, muy cerca de Rosario.They rent a small house - with a dining room, kitchen and a room in a mezzanine - but with a great advantage: a patio for their three dogs.They moved in 2019 with a $ 10 rental.000 that a year later went to 13.000 pesos.Now, to renew the contract, they ask you $ 35.000 without the possibility of negotiating a reduction.
“We calculated that they were going to ask us $ 22.000 But the price tripled us.And the house has several problems.In summer, as is Piletas area, we are many hours without water.It is surrounded by an oxidized fence.We offered to paint it and put a tank if they lowered the price, but they were inflexible, ”said Matías.His contract expires on August 23 and to get cheaper rentals they chose to get away from the city of Rosario, where they work.
"It was worrying because we found nothing.They asked us a lot for horrible houses, even without rebocing or with clarboyas instead of windows.It is incredible that these properties are in the market, ”he explained.Now they are aimed at closing a rent for $ 28.000 But they estimate that the cost to enter can amount to $ 80.000 for entry expenses.Matías works in a trade with his dad and in the lower ones of the Newell’s club.He also studies history teachers and to save began to give private classes.His girlfriend also studies and works as a nanny.
“El orgullo de querer ser independiente choca con la realidad. A veces necesitamos ayuda sobre todo cuando hay un imprevisto.My girlfriend lost her work in the pandemic and we had to shrink and add more jobs for what we are overloaded.It is difficult to direct a career, a house, a job, ”he said.
Desde el sector inmobiliario, advierten que la coyuntura del mercado se volvió más compleja, a un año de la implementación de la nueva Ley de Alquileres. “A un año de la sanción de la ley y luego del congelamiento de los precios en la cuarentena estricta, los valores de los nuevos contratos aumentaron un 71,3%, una cifra que se encuentra muy por encima de la inflación”, indicó Leandro Molina, director comercial de Zonaprop en Argentina y Uruguay.
The new rental law, in force since July of last year, extended the term of contracts from two to three years and established an annual increase based on inflation (consumer price index) and the variation of wages (Ripte)in equal parts.This regulation generated uncertainty in many owners who sought to cover themselves against uncertain increases in the future or that withdrew their property from the market, which made the values up.
For young people who just enter the labor market, rentals represent a very high percentage of their salary. Un valor medio de alquiler de un departamento de dos ambientes en la ciudad de Buenos Aires es de $37.575 al mes, según los clasificados de Zonaprop, en una economía atravesada por la inflación y la devaluación.The average salary intended for a junior position on the Bumeran job portal is 55.535 pesos.
“An employee with this level would have to work 20.31 days just to pay the rent. En un mercado donde bajó la oferta de propiedades en alquiler, producto de los desincentivos para la renta, los jóvenes también tienen la dificultad de encontrar un departamento acorde a sus gustos y posibilidades económicas en una coyuntura donde la demanda es más pujante.Perhaps this situation can enhance a growth in the trend of coliving and that, at first, new generations can become independent living with a friend, ”Molina anticipated.
En este nuevo escenario para los inquilinos —con menos oferta y precios en alza—, Mariano Massimino, un operador de radio de 35 años, tuvo que salir a buscar un departamento para alquilar en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, luego de una separación.“I found a situation very different from 2013, the last time I rented.So I found immediately.There is a tremendous price distortion and although the increases now have a formula, when a contract ends, they can put the price they want, ”he said.
Mariano wants to reach a two environments, something of 40 square meters, and although he expanded his search area towards the conurbano he only found prices between 25.000 and 30.000 pesos.“I threw myself to look for an hour from the center, although I work two blocks from the obelisk, but it does not change much. Es desquiciante. Hace tiempo que estoy buscando y veo como los precios suben mes a mes”, contó.On the tour, he discovered that more and more departments are offered as temporary rentals, for six months or one year.
Mariano's fear is any minimum the margin of error in the calculations of his future expenses.“With an increase in salaries less than inflation and the rest of the increases, you run out of rest.I have a good job and the salary is above the average and so and everything is very difficult.I don't see future, I talk to my friends and we are all in the same.There is no more where to cut.Stop going out, buy clothes.Some live with their parents to be able to save, others asked to move and now they cannot return it, ”he said.
Gervasio Muñoz, titular del grupo Inquilinos Agrupados, enumeró los factores que dificultan el acceso a la vivienda: “Primero, la vivienda dolarizada y desregulada desde la última dictadura hace que para los sectores jóvenes sea ya imposible comprar una vivienda.Second, unemployment and precarious jobs that make it difficult not only to buy a home but also to meet the requirements that the real estate market requires today to rent, as a blank salary receipt that triples the value of the rent or a owner relative, and then therent prices in this bubble that is being lived in Argentina and especially in Buenos Aires.Young sectors are condemned to be tenants for life and in very unfair conditions ”.
Con solo 21 años y al frente de su propio emprendimiento de venta de productos de panadería, Tomás Salinas está desde hace más de dos meses en busca de su primer alquiler, en las zonas de Villa Urquiza y Belgrano.In the first attempts he found unexpected values of between $ 40.000 and $ 50.000.“I have to allocate between 30% and 40% of the income to reach a rental, in addition to adding all entry expenses.But when you start working, the project to become independent is there and want to achieve it.There are always obstacles that delay it but I think the sacrifice is worth it. Yo soy afortunado de ser emprendedor, para los que están estudiando y después tienen que conseguir trabajo pasan muchos años”, indicó.
Tomás were surprised because real estate companies are very demanding with the issue of the guarantee owned in the city of Buenos Aires and are not very willing to accept options, such as Cajar Insurance.“I think some changes that were with the rental law benefit us, such as the amount of years and some more accessible parameters.But once you start renting, you don't know how much the price will increase, ”he added.
Según un cálculo realizado por Infobae, independizarse y mudarse a un departamento dos ambientes en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, considerando el precio del alquiler, el costo de la garantía, el depósito de reserva, expensas y un flete, puede costar desde $185.000, 110% more than a year ago when the same survey was made.
However, the trend of young people who delay their departure from home is not new and is a phenomenon that occurs in many countries, including Spain or Italy, where it is a recurring theme in the media. Sin embargo, según especialistas, en el caso de la Argentina la situación empeoró por las crisis económicas y por la pandemia.“The economic situation gives you more pressure and the pandemic sharpened the problem. Para los jóvenes, la pandemia va a ser una marca generacional en un período donde procesan el tránsito hacia su vida independiente de su familia”, explicó la socióloga Ana Miranda, investigadora del Conicet y Flacso.
Unlike what happens in Europe.
“The delay in emancipation has to do with longer labor insertion processes among young people, with more education requirements and first precarious works.And a cultural change where families tend to tolerate this delay, concerned about these processes that need family support.This phenomenon also has a lot of relationship with the housing market, ”added the sociologist.
However, real estate sector data reflect only a part of the problem that is limited to people who could access a formal contract since they have blank income. Pero el déficit de vivienda es un problema que se agrava aún más en el resto de los sectores, con trabajos informales y bajos ingresos.
According to INDEC data, from the second semester of 2020, in Argentina, 60.6% of households (which covers about 28 million people) are owners of their home and their land;7.7% own housing;19.7% (4.7 million people) are tenants;And 10.3% are what is considered "occupants" (includes those who pay taxes or expenses, those who have permission and the de facto occupants).
La especialista Cynthia Goytia, directora del Centro de Investigaciones de Políticas Urbanas y de Vivienda (CIPUV) de la Escuela de Gobierno de la Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, detalló que el déficit habitacional en la Argentina es persistente a través de las décadas.The 2010 population and housing censuses showed that it covers 31% of the country's households.The situation was practically modified since then and in absolute terms it grew and includes households of all income.
In this context, Goytia considered it necessary to think of programs focused on access to the first house for young homes.“For example, the reconversion of the central areas, so affected by the cessation of activity and commercial activity in the pandemic, provide an opportunity to increase the affordable housing supply for younger homes, refunctionalizing part of the stock of offices vacant properties.The location preferences of young people are in the most central areas and not in the suburbs, as with other groups of households.In addition, real estate price reduction in these areas can help.Even so, it is necessary to explore financing mechanisms that facilitate these types of programs, ”he added.
A survey conducted by CELS and Idaes of the National University of San Martín to more than 1.000 hogares inquilinos del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, durante junio, mostró que los jóvenes que alquilan están en una situación aún más precaria que el resto de los inquilinos.While in general 17% of respondents live in villas or settlements, in the case of young people between 16 and 29 years, the percentage amounts to 29%.In addition a high percentage, 54% of respondents have no written contract.
“This shows the difficulties of young people to meet the requirements of the formal market.Rent as access to the first home is increasingly widespread. No solo son altos los costos de los alquileres en relación con los salarios sino el costo de ingreso, que fue uno de los puntos de la nueva Ley de Alquileres”, dijo Luna Miguens, coordinadora del área de Derechos económicos, sociales y culturales del CELS.From the agency they propose policies that promote better conditions, such as a state housing bank to advance social rentals.
Meanwhile, the generation without answers still waiting.
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